Open source -like ecosystems

COMPUTER SCIENCE
In the field of computer science, the last 20 years have seen two main modes of production - the companies and open source. There is also a third semi-producer - the academic research. Although academic world has traditionally been closer to the open source -approach than proprietary software -approach, the current financing and contracting frameworks in the research are actually driving towards proprietary research.

Lately, open source has become serious contender for the traditional proprietary (closed-source) business model. The advantages are high collaboration and contribution between individuals and companies in the field and the possibility to freely distribute and modify the product both in final and source code form. Because digitally created products are easy to duplicate, they are easy target for open source -inspired approaches. Physical products are much harder challenge.

USER-CENTRED RESEARCH
User-centred approach has been successful in enabling companies to reach out for users, in order to create more relevant and less risky products. Typically users in this kind of research are informants - they are a subject to be studied, understood and empathized with. It is the researchers and designers who interprete/translate the findings into the features/requirements for the product/service.

PARTICIPATIVE DESIGN
Parallel to the user-centred approach, participative design has sought to create methods and tools for users (e.g. Sanders's Make Tools), so that the users (who are non-professionals) can participate to the development and design activities in companies. Despite the higher level of participation from users, this approach allows companies to define the direction and flow of the development.

ACTIVE, EMPOWERED USERS
Lately users are increasingly capable of creating their own products (especially in the digital realm, see "prosumers") and content (like photos, video), thanks to new easy-to-use tools (e.g. Apple iLife) and services (e.g. Gmail and Flickr). In this ecosystem, the companies ultimately transform from creators of products to creators of tools (meta products), with which the users create the (final) products. Some of the meta products can translate into services, which encourages subscription based business models, instead of the traditional pay-to-own models.

It is possible to translate part of the physical product economy to this ecosystem by offering smartly designed interfaces and building blocks (remember LEGO -bricks?, see "mass-customization") to users who can then build their own product. The Apple's iPod -economy is a one kind of approach to this.

USERS AS PATH SHAPERS
Open source development has shown its potential to accelerate the creation and distribution of meaningful, well working products. It can scale beyond the abilities and resources of any single company. How this approach could be expanded outside the realm of software code?

Here are my thoughts:
1) Many of the (digital) tools of expressing and communicating ideas and thoughts already exists. Although they could be even better.
2) The re-use and re-cycling of existing products and ideas is a excellent facilitator to this process.
3) Users should have methods and techniques with which they are able to find out, articulate, describe and refine what is important and relevant to them. They should be empowered to create concepts that others (companies, organizations or individuals) can then productize. Professionals have this knowledge, but their ways of work do not directly help users.